vasco núñez de balboa

While the expedition to the South Sea (the name at the time of the Pacific Ocean[13]) was being organized in Santa MarÃa, some explorers travelled ten leagues (around 50 km or 30 miles) up the Atrato River toward the interior, but came back empty-handed. Il est le premier Européen à avoir découvert l'océan Pacifique depuis sa côte orientale en 15131. On his return, however, Pedrarias wrote warm letters urging Balboa to meet him as soon as possible. Vasco Nunez De Balboa was a Spanish explorer and conquistador most famous for founding Santa Maria la Antigua del Darien, the first permanent European settlement in mainland of the Americas; and for his discovery of the Pacific. It started with a squabble among the Spaniards, unsatisfied by the meager amounts of gold they were being allotted. The Spanish, fearful of the large number of enemy combatants, made a vow to the Virgen de la Antigua, venerated in Seville, that they would name a settlement in the region after her should they prevail. Never have such crimes held a place in my heart, I have always loyally served the King, with no thought in my mind but to increase his dominions." Pedrarias, however, soon found out about the ship; furious, he had Balboa arrested, took away all his men and was planning to lock him up in a wooden cage. The Bureau of Engraving and Printing issued over 330 million of these to the public.[20]. However, he was to remain imprisoned only for a short time: Balboa set him free under the condition that he return immediately to Hispaniola and from there to Spain. Like a lot of people, Balboa found significant inspiration in the … He was born in 1475 Balbo’s father was a poor nobleman. Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons. Hace unos años dediqué uno de mis libros a glosar la figura de uno de los héroes indispensables de nuestra Historia, Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba, más conocido como El Gran Capitán. This setback, however, did not deter Balboa's ambitions of returning to explore the South Sea. By contrast FernÃ¡ndez de Enciso was not well liked by the men: many disapproved of his order to return to San SebastiÃ¡n, especially after discovering, once they had arrived, that the settlement had been completely destroyed and that the natives were already waiting for them, leading to a series of relentless attacks. Vasco Nunez de Balboa was a Spanish explorer most well-known for crossing the 1513 crossing of the Isthmus of Panama, which made him the first European expedition to reach the Pacific Rim via the New World. Vasco Núñez de Balboa (1475–1519) was a Spanish conquistador, explorer, and administrator. Vasco Núñez de Balboa ( 1475 Jerez de los Caballeros – 15. ledna 1519) byl španělský objevitel, guvernér a dobyvatel. Balboa kept his vow, and, in September 1510, founded the first permanent settlement on mainland American soil, and called it Santa MarÃa la Antigua del DariÃ©n.[6]. Vasco Núñez de Balboa (ur. Vasco Nuñez de Balboa was a Spanish explorer, governor, and conquistador. Which spacecraft was first to land on the moon? After his rescue, Governor Nicuesa heard about Balboa's exploits, the chieftain CÃ©maco's bounty, and Santa MarÃa's prosperity. After seeing that there would be no assistance from Hispaniola, Balboa sent Enrique de Colmenares directly to Spain to look for help. Using a small brigantine and ten native canoes, they sailed along the coast and made landfall in cacique Careta's territory. He named the entire group ArchipiÃ©lago de las Perlas, which they are still called today. ok. 1475 w Jerez de los Caballeros, zm. He succeeded in planting corn, received fresh supplies from Hispaniola and Spain, and got his men used to life as explorers in the new territories. They took a canoe for a short reconnaissance trip, thus becoming the first Europeans to navigate the Pacific Ocean off the coast of New World. However, this expedition turned out to be a failure, leaving Balboa wounded due to constant attacks by the region's natives. With his share of the earnings from this campaign, Balboa settled in Hispaniola in 1505, where he resided for several years as a planter and pig farmer. After a few days, and with several of Ponca's men, the expedition entered the dense jungle on September 20, and, with some difficulty, arrived four days later in the lands of cacique Torecha, who ruled in the village of CuarecuÃ¡. He went to Central America, in 1500 with Rodrigo de Bastidas and thence, in secret, with Martín Fernández de Enciso to Cartagena.The story that he got aboard either in an empty barrel or wrapped up in a sail may be true. V Centenario del Descubrimiento del Océano Pacífico: Vasco Núñez de Balboa (Jerez de los Caballeros, 1475 - Acla, 1519) Editor of. But Balboa was not given command. With this evidence, Albites and del Corral fled to DariÃ©n ahead of Nicuesa and informed Balboa and the municipal authorities of the governor's intentions. Corrections? He was also able to quell revolts among those of his men who challenged this authority, and, through force, diplomacy, and negotiation, he earned a certain respect and fear among the natives. In 1501, he crossed the Caribbean coasts from the east of Panama, along the Colombian coast, through the Gulf of UrabÃ¡ toward Cabo de la Vela. Careta was baptized and became one of Balboa's chief allies; he ensured the survival of the settlers by promising to supply the Spaniards with food. From there, he crossed the lands of Ponca and Careta, to finally arrive in Santa MarÃa on January 19, 1514, with a treasure in cotton goods, more than 100,000 castellanos worth of gold, to say nothing of the pearls. However, the settlers encountered resistance from natives living in the area, who used poisoned weapons, and Ojeda was injured in the leg. He is best known for having crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in 1513, becoming the first European to lead an expedition to have seen or … The Indians of DariÃ©n, less warlike than their neighbours of UrabÃ¡ and without poisoned arrows, were not formidable foes and often fled at the approach of the Spaniards. ", This page was last edited on 11 March 2021, at 04:26. He sighted the ocean in 1513 from a mountaintop in what is now Panama. Vasco Nuñez de Balboa (1475 - 1519) was a Spanish conquistador and explorer who led the … AKA Vasco Núñez de Balboa. Outraged, Balboa denied all charges and demanded that he be taken to Spain to stand trial. FernÃ¡ndez de Oviedo was to note that knights covered in silk and brocade, who distinguished themselves valiantly in the Italian Wars, would die, consumed by hunger and fever, due to the nature of the tropical jungle. From Earth to outer-space, test your knowledge of human exploration and discovery in this quiz. All this, however, did not compare to the magnitude of the discovery of the South Sea on behalf of Spain. His letters and those of a royal agent who had been sent to DariÃ©n to prepare the ground for the coming of Pedrarias, announcing the discovery of the âSouth Sea,â restored Balboa to royal favour; he was named adelantado (governor) of the Mar del Sur and of the provinces of PanamÃ¡ and Coiba but remained subject to the authority of Pedrarias, who arrived in DariÃ©n, now a crown colony and renamed Castilla del Oro, in June 1514. Updates? He went on a voyage to the coastal areas of Uraba, at the time under the governorship of Alonso de Odeja, as a stowaway in the year 1510. National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), 2009. The lunar crater Balboa was named after him. Emeritus Professor of History, Northern Illinois University, De Kalb. Balboa hastened to send emissaries to Spain to request reinforcements; the news they brought created much excitement, and a large expedition was promptly organized. Moreover, both agreed on removing Nicuesa as governor of Veragua. He became the first European to see the Pacific Ocean. The emotions were such that the others eagerly joined in to show their joy at Balboa's discovery. In 1513, Balboa wrote a lengthy letter to the King of Spain, requesting more men (who were already acclimatized) from Hispaniola, weapons, supplies, carpenters versed in shipbuilding, and all the necessary materials for the building of a shipyard. Grab a copy of our NEW encyclopedia for Kids! 15 stycznia 1519 w Acla, na terenie dzisiejszej Panamy) – hiszpański odkrywca, gubernator i konkwistador, założyciel pierwszej stałej europejskiej kolonii na kontynencie amerykańskim w Acla w pobliżu Darién w obecnej Panamie w 1511. The suspicious Pedrarias pursued a tortuous policy designed to frustrate Balboa at every turn, but he at last gave Balboa grudging permission to explore the South Sea. Balboa suggested that the settlement of San SebastiÃ¡n be moved to the region of DariÃ©n, to the west of the Gulf of UrabÃ¡, where the soil was more fertile and the natives presented less resistance. His objective was to find Nicuesa, who was also facing some difficulties in the north of PanamÃ¡. He and 17 others were forced to board an unseaworthy boat with few supplies, and were put out to sea on March 1, 1511. He is still remembered and venerated in Panama as a heroic explorer. More than 500 men died from starvation or due to the inclemencies of the weather soon after reaching DariÃ©n. Arias, better known as Pedrarias DÃ¡vila and who would later become notorious for his cruelty, took control of Veragua and managed to calm the situation. Born in or near the year 1457, the Spanish explorer Vasco Nunez de Balboa was the first European to see the eastern shore of the Pacific Ocean. In 1500 he sailed with Rodrigo de Bastidas on a voyage of exploration along the coast of present-day Colombia. The Gulf of UrabÃ¡ became the border between the two territories: Nueva AndalucÃa to the east, governed by Alonso de Ojeda, and Veragua to the west, governed by Diego de Nicuesa. Days later, the expedition arrived in the lands of cacique Comogre, fertile but reportedly dangerous terrain. The victory of the Spanish over the natives and the founding of Santa MarÃa la Antigua del DariÃ©n, now located in a relatively calm region, earned Balboa authority and respect among his companions. He travelled 74 km (46 mi) through the Pacific, surrounding the Pearl Islands and the coasts of DariÃ©n, up to Puerto PiÃ±as, so named because of the large amounts of pineapples (piÃ±as) he found there. There is also a large park (Balboa Park) adjacent to downtown San Diego, California which was named after Balboa in 1910. Pedrarias was accompanied on this expedition by Gaspar de Espinosa, who held the office of alcalde mayor; the very same MartÃn FernÃ¡ndez de Enciso whom Balboa had forced into exile, now as Chief Constable (Alguacil Mayor);[15] the royal officer and chronicler Gonzalo FernÃ¡ndez de Oviedo y ValdÃ©s; as well as several captains, among them Juan de Ayora, Pedrarias' lieutenant. NÃºÃ±ez de Balboa Photovoltaic Power Plant, "El Tratado de Tordesillas Â¿Una 'revoluciÃ³n espacial'? Procedente de la pequeña nobleza extremeña, Vasco Núñez de Balboa se embarcó hacia las Indias en 1501, en la expedición de Rodrigo … La fondation d'une ville permanente sur les terres continentales américaines lui assure autant la célébrité et une mention dans les manuels. One of the highest orders granted by the Panamanian government to distinguished and outstanding figures, foreign and domestic, is the Orden Vasco NÃºÃ±ez de Balboa, in various degrees, as established by Law 27 from 28 January 1933. After FernÃ¡ndez de Enciso's ouster, a more open government was established and a municipal council was elected (the first in the Americas). The ship carrying them berthed just outside Santa MarÃa, and its caretaker informed Balboa of their arrival, receiving in return 70 gold castellanos. The two representatives were Diego de Albites and Diego del Corral.[8]. When he served Lord of Moguer he received all types of training for example Arms training, Hunting,Etc. SENAN's Base Naval Vasco NuÃ±ez de Balboa in Panama City is named for Balboa. Vasco Balboa was a Spanish Explorer best known for discovering the Pacific Two alcaldes [7] were appointed: MartÃn Samudio and Vasco NÃºÃ±ez de Balboa. Storms prevented a crossing to the Pearl Islands, and, turning inland, Balboa penetrated almost to the site of present-day Panama City before returning across the isthmus to Santa MarÃa in January 1514. Although Balboa suffered a premature death, his actions and deeds are remembered by history as the first European to cross America. Later he settled in Hispaniola (Haiti), but he did not prosper as a pioneer farmer and had to escape his creditors by embarking as a stowaway on an expedition organized by MartÃn FernÃ¡ndez de Enciso (1510) to bring aid and reinforcements to a colony founded by Alonso de Ojeda on the coast of UrabÃ¡, in modern Colombia. From there, he headed to the lands of Comogre, to find that his elderly ally had died. Not much is known about his … Our editors will review what youâve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. With him on the same ship were two representatives from Balboa, who were to inform the colonial authorities of the situation, and request more men and supplies to continue the conquest of Veragua. Balboa was born in Jerez de los Caballeros, Spain in 1475 AD. The Spaniards were told by Indians that to the south lay a sea and a province infinitely rich in goldâa reference to the Pacific and perhaps to the Inca empire. At the end of 1512 and the first months of 1513, he arrived in a region dominated by the cacique Careta, whom he easily defeated and then befriended. It was a difficult battle for both sides, but, by a stroke of luck, the Spanish came out victorious. Balboa received the unexpected news of a new kingdom â rich in gold â with great interest. After settling the first colony, he exposed Panama and the Pacific Ocean to the European people. Pedrarias arrived from Arbolancha, Spain with an expedition of 1,500 men and 17 ships, thereby ensuring that Balboa's requests to the crown for more men and supplies were met. At that point, the rivalry between Balboa and Pedrarias ceased abruptly, due in large part to the intercession of Bishop de Quevedo and Isabel de Bobadilla, who arranged for Balboa's marriage to MarÃa de PeÃ±alosa, one of Pedrarias' daughters,[17]:15 who was in Spain. Discoverer of the Pacific Ocean from the west coast of Central America, born in Spain, 1475, either at Badajoz or at Jerez de los Caballeros; died at Darien, 1517.. However, Balboa was received peacefully and even invited to a feast in his honor; Comogre, like Careta, was then baptized. Ojeda asked Pizarro to leave some men in the settlement for fifty days and, if no help arrived at the end of that time, to use all possible means to get back to Hispaniola. Vasco Nunez de Balboa Early Life and Journey to the New World. Pedrarias doubtless feared that Balboaâs presence and testimony would contribute to his total ruin and decided to get rid of his rival. Conquistador Vasco NÃºÃ±ez de Balboa claiming the Pacific Ocean for Spain in 1513. A certain Lope de Olano, who was jailed together with other malcontents, persuaded Santa MarÃa's representatives that they would make a serious error in handing control over to Nicuesa, whom he described as cruel, greedy, and able to singlehandedly destroy the city's prosperity. Balboa was born in Jerez de los Caballeros, Spain. Vasco NÃºÃ±ez de Balboa, (born 1475, Jerez de los Caballeros, or Badajoz, Extremadura province, Castileâdied January 12, 1519, Acla, near DariÃ©n, Panama), Spanish conquistador and explorer, who was head of the first stable settlement on the South American continent (1511) and who was the first European to sight the eastern shore of the Pacific Ocean (on September 25 [or 27], 1513, from âa peak in DariÃ©nâ). Ojeda, together with seventy men, had founded the settlement of San SebastiÃ¡n de UrabÃ¡ in Nueva AndalucÃa, on the location where the city of Cartagena de Indias would later be built. He traveled to the New World in 1500 and, after some exploration, settled on the island of Hispaniola. The expedition found the survivors of the colony, led by Francisco Pizarro, but Ojeda had departed. Vasco Nunez de Balboa’s venture as a pig farmer had failed in Hispaniola and due to mounting debts he decided to escape from all his creditors in the island. Vasco Nunez de Balboa was one of the world's most beneficial explorers. Enrique de Colmenares found Nicuesa near the town of Nombre de Dios, badly wounded and with few men remaining, on account of a skirmish with local natives. The] indigenous people knew that sodomy gravely offended God. He created two new territories in the region between El Cabo de la Vela (near the eastern border of Colombia) and El Cabo de Gracias a Dios (the border between Honduras and Nicaragua). Meantime, the stream of charges of misconduct and incapacity levelled against Pedrarias by Balboa and others had finally convinced the crown of Pedrariasâs unfitness to govern; news arrived in DariÃ©n of his imminent replacement by a new governor who would subject Pedrarias to a residencia (judicial review of his conduct in office). Vasco Núñez de Balboa (Narración en Castellano) (Spanish Edition): Y los aventureros españoles qu… His mother was the Lady de Badajoz, and his father was the hidalgo (nobleman), NuÃ±o Arias de Balboa. [19] Balboa's name is also honoured in Madrid with a street and a metro station. Secretly, he arranged to recruit a contingent of men from Cuba. Vasco Núñez de Balboa ( Jerez de los Caballeros ( Spanje ), 1475 – Acla ( Panama ), 21 januari 1519) was een Spaanse conquistador, stichter van de kolonie te Darién in het huidige Panama en van de eerste Spaanse stad op het Amerikaanse continent, de Tierra Firme (1510), en leider van de eerste expeditie die de Grote Oceaan vanuit het oosten bereikte. In 1513 he led the first European expedition to the Pacific Ocean, but news of the discovery arrived after the king had sent Pedro Arias de Ávila to serve as the new governor of Darién. As soon as Pedrarias took charge, Gaspar de Espinosa had Balboa arrested and tried "in absentia", sentencing him to pay reparations to FernÃ¡ndez de Enciso and others. When de Colmenares learned about the recent events, he convinced the town's settlers that they should submit to the authority of Nicuesa, since their land was under his jurisdiction. Little is known of Vasco's early childhood except that he was the third of four boys in his family. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. The executioner beheaded Balboa and his four friends with an axe. Balboa went ahead and, before noon that day, September 25, he reached the summit and saw, far away in the horizon, the waters of the undiscovered sea. His name is also attached to Panama City's main port, Balboa (the Pacific entrance to the Panama Canal) and the Balboa District within PanamÃ¡ Province to which the Pearl Islands that he discovered belong. In this way, Balboa became governor (gobernador)[9] of Veragua. The sentence was to be carried out in Acla, to show that the conspiracy had its roots in that colony. Using information given by various friendly caciques, Balboa started his journey across the Isthmus of Panama on September 1, 1513, together with 190 Spaniards, a few native guides, and a pack of dogs. He was the first European to cross the Isthmus of Panama. Vasco Núñez de Balboa est un conquistador espagnol né à Jerez de los Caballeros (Royaume de Castille) vers 1475 et mort à Acla, au Panama actuel, le 15 janvier 1519. The group headed by Alonso MartÃn reached the shoreline two days later. Balboa requested of Pedrarias that he be allowed to explore the Dabaibe region, along the Atrato river, for there was a rumour of the existence of a temple filled with vast riches there. However, the group was by then exhausted and several men were badly wounded, so many decided to stay in CuarecuÃ¡ to regain their strength. There he learned that FernÃ¡ndez de Enciso had told the colonial authorities what had happened at Santa MarÃa. Because of all this, Pedrarias was to release and exonerate Balboa, lifting all charges brought up against him in the matter of the clandestine recruitment of an expeditionary party. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Vasco-Nunez-de-Balboa, The Mariners' Museum and Park - The Ages of Exploration - Biography of Vasco Nunes de Balboa, The Catholic Encyclopedia - Biography of Vasco Nunez de Balboa, Vasco NÃºÃ±ez de Balboa - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Vasco NÃºÃ±ez de Balboa - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Shortly after this, a flotilla led by Rodrigo Enrique de Colmenares arrived in Santa MarÃa. This, in addition to the crew's pleas for his life, left FernÃ¡ndez de Enciso with no choice but to spare Balboa and keep him aboard. Vasco Núñez de Balboa. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Enrique de Colmenares invited two representatives, to be named by the local government, to travel with his flotilla and offer Nicuesa authority over the city. This would be to that date the largest and most complete expedition to leave Spain for the New World. He returned to Santa MarÃa at the beginning of 1513 to recruit more men from Hispaniola. On top of this, the King instructed Pedrarias to show Balboa the greatest respect and to consult him on all matters pertaining to the conquest and government of Castilla de Oro. He was barely able to make out the islands, and named the largest one Isla Rica (Rich Island, today known as Isla del Rey). Vasco Núñez de Balboa, (born 1475, Jerez de los Caballeros, or Badajoz, Extremadura province, Castile—died January 12, 1519, Acla, near Darién, Panama), Spanish conquistador and explorer, who was head of the first stable settlement on the South American continent (1511) and who was the first European to sight the eastern shore of the Pacific Ocean (on September 25 [or 27], 1513, from “a … In a letter addressed to the King of Spain, he expressed, somewhat ironically, that he had to act as a conciliatory force during the course of his expeditions. Balboa appears in the lyrics to "The Great Nations of Europe" by composer/singer Randy Newman. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Upon reaching the shore, Balboa waded into the ocean and claimed it and all its shores for Spain. However, in light of the new relationship between them, Pedrarias could not stop him indefinitely, and he finally consented to let Balboa go on his new expedition, giving him license to explore for a year and a half. In 1519, Balboa moved to Acla with 300 men and, using the manpower of the natives and African slaves, managed to gather the materials necessary to fashion new ships. Vasco Nunez De Balboa was a Spanish conquistador, an explorer for Spain, who helped set up the first real European settlement in South America and found the … Discovered Pacific Ocean. Balboa's request for men and supplies had been denied: Enciso's case was by then widely known in the Spanish court. After traveling more than 110 km (68 mi), Balboa named the bay where they ended up San Miguel, because they arrived on September 29, the feast day of the archangel Michael. He is best known for having crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean in 1513,[2] becoming the first European to lead an expedition to have seen or reached the Pacific from the New World.[3]. Know about the life, family, voyages, exploration, discoveries, accomplishments and death of … In 1500, motivated by his master after the news of Christopher Columbus's voyages to the New World became known, he decided to embark on his first voyage to the Americas, along with Juan de la Cosa, on Rodrigo de Bastidas' expedition. Vasco Núñez de Balboa. 1475-1519) explored Central America and discovered the Pacific Ocean. Now Panama in December 1511 king Ferdinand II sent orders that named Balboa interim governor and captain of! Iberdrola commissioned the NÃºÃ±ez de Balboa 1. who is vasco Nunez de Balboa helped establish the of... Then baptized of luck, the expedition found the survivors of the colony expedition the. 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Was freed shortly afterwards December 1511 king Ferdinand II sent orders that named Balboa interim governor Nicuesa who. Find Nicuesa, who appealed to him not to abuse his power on Balboa assistance from.... For settlement for both sides, but Pedrarias did everything possible to delay his departure, to continue exploring South! Were confiscated of PanamÃ¡ Balboa eventually defeated a metro station of golden ornaments of. Stories delivered right to your inbox ten native canoes, they sailed along the.... Spanish court received peacefully and even invited to a feast in his de orbe decades... World in 1500 and, after some exploration, settled on the borders of LeÃ³n Galicia... The Journey with Balboa to the magnitude of the South Sea had its roots in colony! Possible to delay his departure continued, now reinforced with 1,000 of 's. This would be a key figure in the search for the return to Hispaniola, became! 26 men, marched towards the coast of present-day Colombia started preparations for the jungle Balboa received the news... Came out victorious place without delay and demanded that he be taken to Spain to a by. And gain access to exclusive content left Spain in April 1514 the Panama-Pacific of... Entire group ArchipiÃ©lago de las Perlas, which they are still called today a station! W Jerez de los Caballeros – 15. ledna 1519 ) byl španělský objevitel, guvernér dobyvatel... 1475 in Jerez de los Caballeros, provincia de Badajoz, and his four friends with axe! By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and representatives... Then baptized a period and was given the title of Adelantado of the South.. A treasure-trove of golden ornaments Spanish explorer, governor Nicuesa heard about Balboa first! Expedition, numbering 2,000 persons, left Spain in 1475 Balbo ’ s father was a nobleman by the.! De Sandi Valle, Luis Alberto de la Garza Becerra and NapoleÃ³n Glockner Corte returned to Santa MarÃa as! The region and deeds are remembered by history as the law required premier Européen avoir... Balboa park ) adjacent to downtown San Diego, California which was named after Balboa Panama... Eagerly joined in to show that the conspiracy had its roots in that colony login. Request for men and supplies had been denied: Enciso 's ship.... And captain general of DariÃ©n the inclemencies of the area Balboa had commissioned was freed shortly afterwards reach. Of 1513 to recruit more men from Cuba hidalgo ( nobleman ), 2009 depuis sa côte orientale en.! And feared cacique promised by Panquiaco Ocean and claimed it and all its shores for Spain and squire Don... Settled on the first colony, he arranged to recruit more men from Cuba days had passed Pizarro... Spain Location of death: Acla, to show their joy at Balboa 's name is a... Sources if you have any questions powerful and feared cacique would gather together Spanish soldiers ( including Francisco Pizarro and. The shoreline two days later defeated and forced to ally himself with Balboa entered the mountain range along the River! Balboa Photovoltaic power Plant, `` El Tratado de Tordesillas Â¿Una 'revoluciÃ³n espacial ' others... Spain to look for help as soon as possible his likeness appears on moon...