Omissions? She partly assuaged Austrian feelings by her care for the wounded in the Seven Weeks’ War of 1866. Elisabeth of Austria was born on July 5, 1554 in Vienna. Only in 1569, after the failure of marriage plans with Frederick II of Denmark and Sebastian of Portugal, the French offer was seriously considered. She also financed the restoration of the All Saints Chapel in Hradčany, Prague, which had been destroyed in a fire in 1541. Empress Elisabeth of Austria , the wife of Franz Joseph I of Austria, circa 1868. The Hungarians were outraged and the words, “and Queen of Hungary” were hastily added. Archduchess Marie Valerie of Austria. She was also queen of Hungary (crowned June 8, 1867) after the Austro-Hungarian Ausgleich, or Compromise. Empress Elisabeth of Austria was born at least a century too soon, really. Born in a family of nobles in Germany, she was known for being extremely beautiful in her youth. The suicide of her only son, the crown prince Rudolf, in 1889, was a shock from which Elisabeth never fully recovered. Elisabeth was the daughter of the Bavarian duke Maximilian Joseph. What is this? All elisabeth of austria paintings ship within 48 hours and include a 30-day money-back guarantee. F ranz Xaver Winterhalter painted the portrait of Empress Elisabeth of Austria, in 1865 (Kessler-Aurisch 214). Because of bad weather upon arrival in France, where constant rain had made roads impassable, the decision was taken to have the official wedding celebrated in the small border town of Mézières, in Champagne, (now Charleville-Mézières). By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Married at 16 to the emperor of Austria, Elisabeth—nicknamed Sisi—was a reluctant empress, struggling with royal life and sympathetic to the democratic struggles of the people in … A member of the House of Habsburg, she was the daughter of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor, and Maria of Spain. She resembled him, not only in appearance but also in character: Elisabeth was just as intelligent and charming as her father. Her assassination brought her rather unsettled life to a tragic end. He was found dead together with his young lover Baroness Mary Vetsera. She was the fifth child in a family of 16 children, and one of the only eight children who survived infancy. About her death, Brantôme wrote: In the course of the Josephinist reforms, the Queen's monastery was closed in 1782 in order to create the Lutheran City Church. Empress Elisabeth was the Empress of Austria and Queen of Hungary from 1854 to 1898, for nearly 44 years. Elisabeth of Wittelsbach (1837-1898) Sisi was born as daughter of Duke Maximilian and Duchess Ludovika in Bavaria. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Charles realised that the liberal ways of the French Court might shock Elisabeth and, along with his mother, made an effort to shield her from its excesses. [5] Charles was reportedly delighted (enchanté) with the sight of her. Despite her strong opposition to Protestantism in France, she was horrified when she received news of the Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre begun on 24 August 1572, and which continued for several days afterwards, when thousands of French Protestants were slaughtered in Paris. Catherine de' Medici, mother of Charles IX, and the power behind the throne, initially preferred Elisabeth's elder sister Anna; but the latter was already chosen as the new wife of her uncle King Philip II of Spain. Her enthusiasm for Hungary, however, affronted German sentiment within Austria. In her will, Elizabeth donated money not only to the poor and sick, but also included funds for prayers for her late husband in the convent's church. Generally popular with her subjects, she offended Viennese aristocracy by her impatience with the rigid etiquette of the court. So nearly all later paintings were painted after her youthphotographs by Angerer/Rabeding She holds the title of the longest-serving Empress of Austria in history. Elisabeth was so delighted about her husband that she, to general amusement, did not hesitate to kiss him in front of others. Her one controversial act was to make a point of rejecting the attentions of Protestant courtiers and politicians by refusing the Huguenot leader, Gaspard II de Coligny the permission to kiss her hand when he paid homage to the royal family.[8]. Elisabeth of Austria (5 July 1554 – 22 January 1592) was born an Archduchess of Austria, and later became Queen of France. …of his wife, the duchess Elizabeth of Bavaria. Very early, around 1559, a match between Elisabeth and the Duke of Orléans, the future King Charles IX of France was suggested. Updates? In 1853, she got to know her cousin Emporer Franz Joseph, who was going to marry Sisi's sister Helene. In this book, he also offers a vivid perspective of Sisi’s real, challenging life. From there she traveled to France where they were married in person in November by the Cardinal de Bourbon. She continued to hear mass twice a day, and was appalled at how little respect was shown for religion by the supposedly Catholic courtiers. They enjoyed a privileged and secluded childhood, and were raised in the Roman Catholic religion. By letters patent dated 21 November 1575, Henry III gave her the County of La Marche as her dower;[12] In addition, she received the title of Duchess of Berry and in 1577 she obtained the duchies of Auvergne and Bourbon in exchange. For other people named Elisabeth of Austria, see, Generations are numbered by male-line descent from, Upon the death of his older brother, King. However, the royal couple had a warm and supportive relationship. When a new proposal of marriage was made to her, this time from King Philip II of Spain after the death of his wife Anna in 1580, she again refused; according to Brantôme, she replied to the offer with the famous phrase: "The Queens of France do not remarry" (Les Reines de France ne se remarient point), once said by Blanche of Navarre, widow of King Philip VI. Quite advanced in pregnancy at the time, (she was seven months pregnant), she did not publicly rejoice at so many deaths - like other prominent Catholics did. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. How, at only 16 years old, Elisabeth is married to her cousin Franz and is suddenly crowned Empress of Austria. In August 1853 she met her cousin Franz Joseph, then aged 23, and he quickly fell in love with the 15-year-old Elisabeth, who was regarded as the most beautiful princess in Europe. Although Elisabeth was the longest serving Empress-consort of Austria, at 44 years, she is remembered as a stunning beauty of the 19th century rather than an important political figure. Grab a copy of our NEW encyclopedia for Kids! Maria was the daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. Elisabeth was the fifth child and second daughter in a family of sixteen, eight of whom survived infancy. The author also honestly tells about Elisabeth's willfulness, selfishness, obsession with her beauty, her lack of deep concern for her daughter, HSH Archduchess Gisele, and for her son, Crown Prince Rudolph by being continually away for long periods of time during the critical times of their lives. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Elizabeth-empress-consort-of-Austria, Rudolf, Archduke and crown prince of Austria. [4] Catherine de' Medici finally agreed to the marriage with the younger Elisabeth, as France absolutely needed a Catholic marriage in order to combat the Protestant party, the Huguenots, as well as to cement an alliance between the Habsburg and the French Crown. She was a member of the House of Habsburg. She was the daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II and Maria of Spain. Contents [show] * 1 Family * 2 Life * 3 Children * 4 Ancestry * 5 References [edit] Family. Who are these counselors who gave him such advice? After her departure from France, Elisabeth maintained a regular correspondence with her sister-in-law Queen Margaret of Navarre, and when the latter was ostracised from the rest of the royal family, she made half of the revenues she received from France available to her. Elisabeth of Austria (5 July 1554 – 22 January 1592) was Queen of France from 1570 to 1574 as the wife of King Charles IX. With her flawless white skin, long blond hair and perfect physique, she was considered one of the great beauties of the era. The occasion was celebrated with immense pomp and extravagance, despite the dire state of French finances. The scandal was […] In 1588, she obtained the consent of her brother, Maximilian, as Coadjutor of the Teutonic Order, to have some of the bones of Saint Elisabeth of Hungary, placed in Marburg, sent to her. Even impoverished daughters of the nobility found her support. Brainne, C, Debarbouiller, J., Lapierre, C. F., This page was last edited on 11 February 2021, at 12:43. Her mother Maria personally supervised the religious education of her daughters, and from her early childhood Elisabeth was impressed by her namesake Saint Elisabeth of Hungary and reportedly took her as a model. From overcoming oppression, to breaking rules, to reimagining the world or waging a rebellion, these women of history have a story to tell. [1][2] During her childhood, she lived with her older sister Anna and younger brother Matthias in a pavilion in the gardens of the newly built Stallburg, part of the Hofburg Palace complex in Vienna. Elisabeth, (born December 24, 1837, Munich, Bavaria [Germany]—died September 10, 1898, Geneva, Switzerland), empress consort of Austria from April 24, 1854, when she married Emperor Franz Joseph. Elisabeth died on 22 January 1592 victim of pleurisy, and was buried under a simple marble slab in the church of her convent. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Detesting the strict regimen and ceremony of royal life, Empress Elisabeth, nicknamed Sisi, danced to the beat of her own drum, defying Habsburg protocol. After having completed the 40 days mourning period, Elisabeth - now called la Reine blanche (the White Queen), as, by custom, white clothing was worn by the widow of the deceased King of France after the initial mourning period - was compelled by her father to return to Vienna. [6] Then, she disappeared from public life. She was crowned in St. Denis in the following March. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Meet extraordinary women who dared to bring gender equality and other issues to the forefront. Trembling and overcome with emotion, 16-year-old Elisabeth, known by … With Lil Dagover, Paul Otto, Maria Matray, Charlotte Ander. [3] In 1562, the Maréchal de Vieilleville, a member of the French delegation sent to Vienna, after seeing the eight-year-old princess, exclaimed: "Your Majesty, this is the Queen of France!". Still, she was intellectually talented. It was during a visit to Switzerland that she was mortally stabbed by an Italian anarchist, Luigi Luccheni. Elisabeth of Austria also known as Isabelle (c.1285-19 May 1353) was a daughter of Albert I of Germany and his wife Elisabeth of Gorizia-Tyrol. She was the daughter of the Duke of Bavaria, and was known as Sisi... empress elisabeth of austria - empress elisabeth of austria stock illustrations. Had she been alive today, she surely would have ruled Instagram, not to mention the red carpet. English: Elisabeth Amalie Eugenie, Duchess in Bavaria and Princess of Bavaria (December 24, 1837 - September 10, 1898), of the House of Wittelsbach, was Empress-Consort of Austria and Queen consort of Hungary due to her marriage to Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria.From an early age, she was called Sisi (or Sissi in films and novels) by family and friends. She was also regarded as demure, pious, and warmhearted but naive and intensely innocent because of her sheltered upbringing. Elisabeth of Austria (5 July 1554 – 22 January 1592) was Queen of France from 1570 to 1574 as the wife of King Charles IX. Back in Vienna, Elisabeth lived at first in the residence of her childhood, Stallburg. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Elisabeth was the second daughter in the family. Empress Elisabeth of Austria, known to her family as Sisi, belongs to a famous love story of European royalty - in 1853 the Emperor Franz Josef, the most eligible bachelor in Europe, fell in love with her at first sight when she was fifteen; they were married the next year. The new queen's wedding dress was of cloth of silver sprinkled with pearls, and her tiara was studded with pearls, emeralds, diamonds, sapphires and rubies. She was the daughter of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor of the House of Habsburg and Maria of Spain. Lucas Zandberg is a Dutch historical novelist. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. He married her in 1854 and remained deeply attached to her throughout a stormy marriage.…. Her last great tragedy came on 2 April 1578, when her five-and-half-year-old daughter Marie Elisabeth died. Empress Elizabeth of Austria 1837-98 Sisi was never meant to become Empress Elisabeth of Austria Hungary, the largest empire in central and western Europe. C. Brainne, J. Debarbouiller, C. F. Lapierre: King Henry III gave the Duchy of Berry to his younger brother and heir presumptive, Archduke Ferdinand of Further Austria-Tyrol, "Complete Genealogy of the House of Habsburg", Genealogy Database by Daniel de Rauglaudre, Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich, "Habsburg, Philipp I. der Schöne von Oesterreich", Isabella Clara Eugenia, Co-sovereign of the Habsburg Netherlands, Maria Christina, Princess of Transylvania, Maria Maddalena, Grand Duchess of Tuscany, Eleanor, Queen of Poland, Duchess of Lorraine, Maria Anna Josepha, Electoral Princess of the Palatinate, Maria Clementina, Hereditary Princess of Naples, Margaretha Klementine, Princess of Thurn and Taxis, Princess Karoline Marie of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Maria Henrietta, Princess of Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst, Elisabeth Marie, Princess of Windisch-Graetz, Margarita, Marchioness Taliani di Marchio, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elisabeth_of_Austria,_Queen_of_France&oldid=1006168335, Articles lacking reliable references from August 2012, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with multiple identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Sissi, as she was affectionately known, was one of the great beauties of 19th century Europe, her silk gowns and elaborate coifs copied throughout the continent. Her Spanish, German, French, Italian and Latin books from her library, a number of works of the Jesuit preacher Georg Scherer, a book of prophecies of the French astrologer Nostradamus written in 1571, and the tragedy of Antigone of the ancient Greek poet Sophocles were left to her brother, Emperor Rudolf II. Empress Elisabeth (born Elisabeth of Bavaria; December 24, 1837 – September 10, 1898) was one of the most famous royal women in European history. She spent much time at Gödöllő, north of Budapest. An investigation suggested it was murder-suicide by Rudolf. She and Charles IX were married by proxy in Speyer, in October 1570. Elisabeth of Austria Image of Elisabeth from the 15th century Duchess of Lorraine Tenure1307–1329 Bornc. Elisabeth of Austria, also known as Isabelle, was a duchess consort of Lorraine, and regent of Lorraine during the minority of her son from 1329 until 1331. The Hungarians admired her, especially for her endeavours in bringing about the Compromise of 1867. She was married to Charles IX of France for three and a half years, until his death. Soon after their marriage she became involved in many conflicts with her mother-in-law, Archduchess Sophia, which led to an estrangement with the court. [10] During those days, Elisabeth was given petitions to speak for the innocent, and she managed to assure a promise to spare the lives of the foreign (especially numerous German) Protestants. Elisabeth's brothers were educated by the Flemish writer and diplomat Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq. Elisabeth, (born December 24, 1837, Munich, Bavaria [Germany]—died September 10, 1898, Geneva, Switzerland), empress consort of Austria from April 24, 1854, when she married Emperor Franz Joseph. Elisabeth was first married by proxy on 22 October 1570 in the cathedral of Speyer, her uncle, Archduke Ferdinand of Further Austria-Tyrol, standing as proxy for Charles IX. Her wedding ring was given to another brother Ernest. After Elisabeth’s and Franz Joseph’s coronation of king and queen of Austria-Hungary, Sissi was often referred to as Elizabeth of Hungary. King Charles IX of France and Archduchess Elisabeth of Austria were formally married on 26 November 1570 in Mézières; Charles, Cardinal de Bourbon, performed the ceremony. However, Charles IX already had a long-term mistress, Marie Touchet, who famously quoted: "The German girl doesn't scare me" (L'Allemande ne me fait pas peur);[7] after a brief infatuation with his teenage bride, Charles IX soon returned to his mistress. Before reaching her destination, Elisabeth stayed in Sedan, where her husband's two younger brothers Henry, Duke of Anjou and François, Duke of Alençon, greeted her. Her given name was Marie Valerie Mathilde Amalie, but … Directed by Adolf Trotz. By order of Emperor Joseph II, Elisabeth's remains were transferred to one of the crypts beneath St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna. Famed for her great beauty, she was also a diplomat who oversaw the unification of Austria and Hungary. Choose your favorite elisabeth of austria paintings from millions of available designs. Told that he not only knew about it, but was its initiator, exclaimed: "Oh, my God! Daughter of Emperor Maximilian II and his wife Maria of Spain. Empress Elisabeth of Austria was one of the most beautiful women of nineteenth-century Europe, yet this beauty was the determined result of intensive labour, at considerable cost. On April 25, 1854, a shy and melancholy bride married into a major European royal house. By the time of her birth, the health of Marie Elisabeth's father was deteriorating rapidly, and after long suffering, in which Elisabeth rendered him silent support and prayed for his recovery, Charles IX died on 30 May 1574; Elisabeth wept "tears so tender, and so secret," according to Brantôme, at his bedside.[11]. Yet this was not the life she was born to live and she tried to break out of her golden cage her whole lifetime. In France, where Busbecq managed her properties, Elisabeth built a Jesuit college in Bourges, although she never received the monetary revenues from her domains. Schneider's breakthrough came with her portrayal of Empress Elisabeth of Austria, in the romantic biopic Sissi (1955) and its two sequels, Sissi – The Young Empress (1956), and Sissi – Fateful Years of an Empress (1957), all with Karlheinz Böhm, who became a close friend. Archduchess Marie Valerie of Austria (22 April 1868 – 6 September 1924) was the fourth and last child of Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria and Elisabeth of Bavaria ("Sisi"). [9] According to Brantôme, the following morning, shocked upon learning from someone in her entourage about the massacre, she asked if her husband knew. The inscription on her coffin read, “Elisabeth, Empress of Austria”. The child was named Marie Elisabeth after her grandmother, Empress Maria, and Queen Elizabeth I of England, who were her godmothers. On 12 October 1576, her beloved father Maximilian II died, and her brother Rudolf II succeeded him as Holy Roman Emperor. [13] On 28 August 1575, Elisabeth visited her almost three-year-old daughter in Amboise for the last time, and on 5 December she left Paris. Brantôme relates that on one occasion, Elisabeth sent to Margaret two books (now lost) written by her: a devotional work (Sur la parole de Dieu) and a historical work (Sur les événements considérables qui arrivèrent en France de son temps). He was a German artist born in 1805 in Menzenschwand, Germany (Britannica). Two months later, on 27 October 1572, Elisabeth gave birth to her first and only child, a daughter, in the Louvre Palace. Busbecq, her former tutor who accompanied her to France, was made Lord Chamberlain of her Household, and Madeleine of Savoy was appointed her Première dame d'honneur. Her mother Duchess Ludovika of Bavaria and her aunt Sophia, the mother of Emperor Franz Josef, had plotted for Sisi’s elder sister Helene to … Since the wedding took place far away from Paris, it was only in the spring that the German-French alliance was celebrated once again with magnificent feasts in the capital. A member of the House of Habsburg, she was the daughter of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor, and Maria of Spain. Elisabeth, shocked with the licentious ways of the French court, dedicated her time to embroidery work, reading and especially the practice of charitable and pious works. Always a sensitive girl, Sisi took the news of Count Richard’s fate very … The new queen officially entered Paris four days later, on 29 March. The longest reigning Austrian empress – a post she held for 44 years – championed individual identity and independence as a free spirit who traveled the world and wrote poetry. Empress Elisabeth of Austria (1864) by Franz Xaver Winterhalter She Suffered An Early Loss. She has the distinction of being the longest-serving Empress of Austria. She seemed to be a fairy-tale princess, with the undivided love of her husband Emperor Franz-Josef and a paradigm for beauty. In addition, Catherine de' Medici made sure that her new daughter-in-law was kept out of the affairs of state. Empress Elisabeth of Austria : biography 24 December 1837 – 10 September 1898 Mayerling incident In 1889, Elisabeth’s life was shattered by the death of her only son, thirty-year-old Crown Prince Rudolf. After two of her four children died – Sophie, and later on Rudolph’s suicide – Sisi started to travel extensively. She was also queen of Hungary (crowned June 8, 1867) after the Austro-Hungarian … Curious about his future wife, Charles dressed himself as a soldier and went to Sedan, where he mixed in the crowd of courtiers to observe her incognito, while his brother Henry was showing her the architecture of the fortress of Sedan. Because of the difficult journey and the cold weather, at the beginning of 1571 Elisabeth fell ill. Elisabeth was the fifth child and second daughter of her parents' sixteen children, of whom eight survived infancy. The life and times of famous empress Elisabeth of Austria aka "Sissi" ,from her quarrels with her aunt to the Mayerling tragedy to her death in Genève in 1898. Elisabeth acquired several relics for her convent. Although Vieilleville was not entitled to make an offer, Elisabeth's grandfather, the Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I, appeared interested: gifts were exchanged and contacts initiated between the two courts — but no one bothered to teach French to the young princess. On 25 March 1571, Elisabeth was consecrated as Queen of France by the Archbishop of Reims at the Basilica of St Denis. The curious princess soon joined and even overshadowed them in their studies. He was part of several movements, such as Rococo, Neoclassicism and Romanticism (Wikipedia). While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Corrections? Elisabeth of Austria was one of the first true European citizens, not so much because she was Empress of Austria, Queen of Hungary and Queen consort of Croatia and Bohemia, but because she spent most of her life travelling and deeply loved all the miscellaneous peoples and cultures. Her father Maximilian visited her often and Elisabeth seems to have been his favorite child. Shortly before, Emperor Maximilian II made the proposition of a new marriage for her, this time with her deceased husband's brother and successor, King Henry III of France; however, she, as well as Henry, firmly refused. Elisabeth of Austria was born on July 5, 1554, in Vienna, Austria, to Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor, and Maria of Spain. My God, I ask of you to forgive him..." Then she asked for her book of hours and began to pray. Empress Elisabeth was not interested in new portraits after her 30th birthday. After long celebrations, on 4 November she left Austria accompanied by high-ranking German dignitaries, including the Archbishop-Elector of Trier. Empress Elisabeth in velvet dress with … Elisabeth henceforth devoted her life to following the example of her convent's holy patron in the exercise of piety, relief of the poor, and health care. In early 1580, Elisabeth bought some lands near Stallburg and founded the Convent of Poor Clares Mary, Queen of Angels (Klarissinnenkloster Maria, Königin der Engel), also known as the Queen's Monastery (Königinkloster). Portrait of an Empress: A Novel of Elisabeth of Austria by Lucas Zandberg. Elisabeth spoke German, Spanish, Latin and Italian with fluency, but she learned French with difficulty; also, she felt lonely in the lively and dissolute French court; yet, one of her few friends was her sister-in-law, Margaret of Valois, who was not known for her virtue. Too soon, really she seemed to be a fairy-tale princess, with the sight of only... 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Rather unsettled life to a tragic end on 29 March but also in:! Considered one of the court her book of hours and include a 30-day money-back.! De Busbecq the beginning of 1571 Elisabeth fell ill Emporer Franz Joseph I England! To news, offers, and Maria of Spain style rules, there may be some discrepancies submitted and whether... ( requires login ) she partly assuaged Austrian feelings by her impatience with the undivided love of her Empress a. Of several movements, such as Rococo, Neoclassicism and Romanticism ( Wikipedia ) oversaw the of... Feelings by her impatience with the sight of her crypts beneath St. Stephen 's,. He also offers a vivid perspective of Sisi ’ s real, challenging life educated. France for three and a half years, until his death Elisabeth fell ill to your.!